PIPIDS OF THE WORLD: Pipidae Distribution Database

Valid XHTML 1.0
Introduction  +   Species Information  +   Distribution Database
pink bullet purple bullet blue bullet light blue bullet cyan bullet green bullet yellow bullet orange bullet red bullet white bullet
  

Pipa

  1. Bolivia: Costa Marquez / 2 km SE (12°28'S, 64°16'W) — "Río Itenez at mouth of dry run 2 km above (SE) of costa Marquez (Brazil), Bení, Bolivia", , , 1 spm: AMNH 98110 [1].
  2. Bolivia: Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado (14°21'05''S, 60°49'13''W) — "Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, Bolivia", , 1986 - 1997, [2].
  3. Bolivia: Tuichi, riv. (14°18'S, 68°35'W) — "Tuichi River/Chalalan Lake area, Madidi National Park, Bolivia", , , [3].
  4. Brasil: Araçuaí (16°52'S, 42°04'W) — "Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brasil", , 1989-01 - 1991-05, [4].
  5. Brasil: Areia (06°58'S, 35°42'W) — "Areia, Paraiba, Brazil", R. von Thering, , 1 spm: MCZ 25737 [1, 5] — "Areia, Paraiba, Brazil", , , 7 spms: USNM 109129-109134; UMMZ 92447 [6, 1].
  6. Brasil: Belém (01°27'S, 48°29'W) — "Belém, Pará, Brazil", , , 7 spms: KU 74313-14, 92731-33, 128265-66 [1] — "Belém, Pará, Brazil", , , 1 spm: CPBA-V-7 [7] — "Marambaia, Belém, Pará, Brazil", N. Menezes, 1965-07, 3 spms: MCZ 56276-78 [1, 5] — "Utinga, near Pará (Belém), State of Pará, N.E. Brazil", E. Snethlage, 1913-02-13, 4 spms: ZSM 1/1914 (holotype, f, 75(77?) mm, destroyed); MCZ 17734 (paratype); CAS-SU 16409 (paratype); ZSM 54/1914 (2 specimens, brooding f designated as neotype) [8, 9, 1, 5, 10] — "Belém, Pará, Brazil", , , 1 spm: CPBA-V-20 [7].
  7. Brasil: Braganca (01°03'S, 46°46'W) — "Braganca, Pará, Brazil", , , 2 spms: CM 2556-57 [1].
  8. Brasil: Buique / 12 km N (08°31'S (08°37'S), 37°09'W) — "Brejo São José, 12 km. ao Norte de Buique, 750 m, Pernambuco, Brasil", O. Schubart, 1937-08-30, tadpoles (12 h; 26.3° C) [11].
  9. Brasil: Cachimbo (08°57'00''S, 54°54'00''W) — "Cachimbo, Pará, Brazil", L. Travassos et al., 1955-06-16 - 22, 6 spms: MCZ 85564-69 (85568 skeleton) [1, 5].
  10. Brasil: Capoeira (08°45'S, 36°38'W) — "Capoeira, 840 m, Município S. Bento, Pernambuco, Brasil", O. Schubart, 1936-03-20, juveniles + tadpoles (10 h; 23.6° C) [11].
  11. Brasil: Casinhas (07°46'S, 35°40'W) — "«Riacho do Cavalo», Casinhas, 590 m, Surubim, Pernambuco, Brasil", A.L. Carvalho, 1936-08-13, juveniles [11].
  12. Brasil: CEPLAC (14°47'06"S, 39°13'25"W) — "fishfarm pool on campus of Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Municipality of Ilhéus, State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil", U. Caramaschi, 1986-03-11, 54 spms: MNRJ 19527, 19529-30, 19533, 19535-36, 19538, 19540-19550, 19554-19559, 19566, 19573, 19589-90, 19596-97, 19605, 19608, 19610, 19612, 19620, 19633, 19645, 19676, 19685, 19698, 19701, 19704, 19707-19709, 19711, 19714, 19717, 19719, 19728, 19741, 19749, 19760, 19766 [12].
  13. Brasil: Coremas (07°01'S, 37°58'W) — "Coremas, Paraiba, Brazil", J. Santos, 1958-02, 1 spm: CAS-SU 85520 (Exch. from W.C.A. Bokermann) [1, 10].
  14. Brasil: Garanhuns (08°54'S, 36°29'W) — "Garunhano [= Garanhuns], Pernambuco, Brazil", , , 5 spms + larvae: USNM 119093-119098 (119098 larvae); listed as Poção spms. in Dunn (1948) [6, 1].
  15. Brasil: Gregório river bank (13°41'36"S, 49°51'53"W) — "Gregório river bank, municipality of Bonópolis, state of Goiás, central Brazil", , 2008-05-29, 1 spm: MNRJ 55664 [13].
  16. Brasil: Guaratinga (16°34'S, 39°34'W) — "Fazenda Vista Bela, Guaratinga, Bahia, Brasil", , 2000 - 2001, [14].
  17. Brasil: Ilha do Marajó (01°S, 49°30'W) — "Ilha do Marajó, Cachoeira Do Arari, Rio Arari, Pará, Brazil", N. Menezes, 1965-07, 1 spm: MCZ 57341 [1, 5].
  18. Brasil: Itacoatiara (03°03'S, 58°26'W) — "Rio Urubu, nr. Itacoatiara; Amazonas, Brazil", , , 1 spm: USNM 142178 [15, 1].
  19. Brasil: Itaobim (16°34'S, 41°50'W) — "Santana, Município Itaobim, Minas Gerais, Brazil", A. Machado et al., 1954-12-08, 1 spm: MCZ 85561 [1, 5].
  20. Brasil: Itapetinga (15°15'S, 40°15'W) — "Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil", , , 2 spms: KU 128760-61 (128761 skeleton) [1].
  21. Brasil: Jardim / 6 km S (07°38'S (07°35'S), 39°16'W) — "6 kl. ao Sul de Jardim, 700 m, Ceará, Brasil", O. Schubart, 1937-09-30, tadpoles (10 h; 21.8° C) [11].
  22. Brasil: Junco do Seridó (07°00'S, 36°43'W) — "Juncó do Serido, Paraiba, Brazil", , , 4 smps: USNM 209630-33 [1].
  23. Brasil: Jussari (15°12'S, 39°32'W) — "RPPN Serra do Teimoso, Jussari, Bahia, Brasil", , 2000 - 2001, [14].
  24. Brasil: Lago Uaicurapá (02°53'S, 56°48'W) — "Lago di Maximo [Lago Vaicurapa], near Villa Bella, Brazil (between the mouths of the Madeira and the Tapajóz)", Louis Agassiz, , 1 spm: MCZ 1442 (holotype of Pipa pernigra) [16, 6, 5].
  25. Brasil: Leticia / 70 km E (04°12'55''S, 69°21'26''W (69°56'26''W)) — "Igarapé Belém, nr. Rio Solimöes, ca. 70 km E Leticia, Amazonas, Brazil", , , 1 spm: AMNH 97377 [1].
  26. Brasil: Manaus / 70 km N (02°31'48''S (03°06'48''S), 60°01'31''W) — "INPA-WWF reserve «Gavião», 70 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil", Christian Buchacher, 1987-11 - 1988-09, [17].
  27. Brasil: Manaus / 80 km N (02°26'48''S (03°06'48''S), 60°01'31''W) — "terra firme forest, 80 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil", Claude Gascon, 1987-10 - 1988-05 + 1988-10 - 1989-05, [18].
  28. Brasil: Maturéia (07°17'S, 37°21'W) — "Maturéia (770 m), Paraíba, Brazil", Arzabe, 1989-08 - 1990-07, found in relatively permanent aquatic sites (also occupied by Astyanax, Geophagus and Poecilia sp.); air temp. 15.5-22.0° C, precip. 730 mm [19].
  29. Brasil: Palmari Natural Reserve (04°17'S, 70°17'W) — "Lago Soco, 140 mi up Rio Javari, Amazonas, Brazil", , , 1 spm: CM 55639 [1].
  30. Brasil: Parque Municipal de Pimenta Bueno (11°40'21''S, 61°11'35''W) — "Parque Municipal de Pimenta Bueno, Rondônia, Brazil", B. L. Sousa, 2006-02-20, 1 spm: UFACF 079 [20].
  31. Brasil: Parque Ruber Van Der Linden ? (08°53'24''S, 36°29'24''W) — "Pau Pombo, 860 m, Município Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil", O. Schubart, 1936-03-21, tadpoles (16 h; 23.8° C) [11].
  32. Brasil: Piancó (07°12'S, 37°57'W) — "Piancó, Paraiba, Brazil", , , 4 smps: KU 92725-28 [1].
  33. Brasil: Poção (08°11'S, 36°42'W) — "Poção, 1000 m, Município Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brasil", A.L. Carvalho, 1936-07-10, juveniles + adults; 2 spms: USNM 102685-86 (paralectotypes), listed as Garanhuns spms. in Dunn (1948) [11, 1, 21].
  34. Brasil: Presidente Figueiredo (02°03'S, 60°03'W) — "Pres. Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil", M. Martins et al., 1991-02-08, 2 spms: INPA 1651, 1654 [22].
  35. Brasil: Represa de Balbina (01°30'48''S, 59°50'31''W) — "Balbina, Uatumã Drainage, Amazonas, Brazil", S. Lestinge, 1985-08-26, 2 spms: INPA 1160-61 [22] — "Balbina, Uatumã Drainage, Amazonas, Brazil", M. Martins, 1986-11-29, 1 spm: INPA 705 [22] — "Balbina, Uatumã Drainage, Amazonas, Brazil", R. Gribel, 1986-11-06, 2 spms: INPA 799, 801 [22].
  36. Brasil: Rio Branco (08°25'S, 37°04'W) — "Rio Branco, 665 m, Pernambuco, Brasil", O. Schubart, 1936-12-02 + 1937-08-20, 1936-12-02: adults (8 h, 22° C); female with eggs (13 h; 33° C); 1937-08-20: adults & tadpoles (17 h; 21.8° C); 7 spms: BMNH 1947.1.2.55-58 (syntypes); UMMZ 105335; MCZ 85562-63 [11, 1].
  37. Brasil: Rio Purús, 400 km S Manaus (06°32'S, 64°20'W) — "Purus, 250 mi S Manaos [probably Rio Purus, app. 6°S, 63°W], Amazonas, Brazil", , , 1 spm: USNM 150619 [1].
  38. Brasil: Rio Tapajos — "Rio Tapagos, Amazonas, Brazil", , , 2 spms: LACM 1215-16 [1] — "Rio Tapagos, Amazonas, Brazil", A.E. Colburn, , 2 spms: CAS-SU 71334-35 [1, 10].
  39. Brasil: Rio Tapajos (2) (04°51'S, 56°32'W) — "Para Prov., Rio Tapajos, Brazil", W.J. Hole, 1931-12-25, 2 spms: LACM 1215, 1216 [23].
  40. Brasil: Rio Urucu / upper (05°S, 65°30'W) — "primary tropical terra firme forest, 3 km S of headwaters of Urucu river, along a small tributary of the Solimões, south of Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil", Gascon & Pereira, 1989-05-14 - 22, [24].
  41. Brasil: Rio Xingú (Coluene/Ronuro confluence) (12°00'S, 53°22'W) — "Xingú, a few kilometers from the confluence of the Rio Coluene and Rio Romuro, Mato Grosso, Brazil", , , Bokermann, 1962 in Trueb & Cannatella, 1986 [1].
  42. Brasil: Santarém (02°26'S, 54°42'W) — "Santarém, Pará, Brazil", E. Garbe, 1920, 1 spm: MCZ 85570 (listed as Pipa pipa in MCZ) [1, 5].
  43. Brasil: Santa Teresa (19°55'S, 40°36'W) — "Santa Teresa, 700 m, Espirito Santo, Brazil, introduced from São João de Petropolis by A. Ruschi", A. Ruschi, 1942-05-16, 1 spm: MCZ 85560 [1, 5] — "Sta Teresa det. B. Luiz leg Ruschi, Brazil", A. Ruschi, , 1 spm: LACM 90991 [23] — "Santa Teresa, 700 m, Espirito Santo, Brazil, introduced from São João de Petropolis by A. Ruschi", , , 6 spms: USNM 164002; CM 45959; AMNH 56108-56110; LACM 90991 [1] — "Santa Teresa, 700 m, Espirito Santo, Brazil, introduced from São João de Petropolis by A. Ruschi", A.L. Carvalho, , 1 larva: CAS 11607 [1, 10] — "Santa Teresa, 700 m, Espirito Santo, Brazil, introduced from São João de Petropolis by A. Ruschi", G. Myers & A.L. Carvalho, 1942-11 - 12, 12 spms: MVZ Herp 58425-6; CAS-SU 11593-11601, 11604-06 [25, 1, 26, 10] — "Santa Teresa, Brazil", Myers , A. Carvalho, 1942-11-01, 2 spms: MVZ 58425, 58426 [23] — "Santa Thereza, E do Esperito Santo, Brazil", A L Carvalho and G S Myers (via H A Fehlmann), 1942-11-01, 2 spms: UCM 14011, 14012 [23] — "Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil", , , 1 spm: CPBA-V-30 [7].
  44. Brasil: São João de Petrópolis (19°49'S, 40°40'W) — "small pond on the grounds of the Escola Practica de Agricultura, near São João de Petropolis, Município Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil", A. Ruschi, 1942-03, [25] — "small pond on the grounds of the Escola Practica de Agricultura, near São João de Petropolis, Município Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil", A.L. Carvalho, A. Ruschi & G.S. Myers, 1942-12, 1 spm: CAS-SU 8406 (? according to Myers & Carvalho (1945), no spms. were found in São João de Petropolis in Dec. 1942) [1, 10] — "small pond on the grounds of the Escola Practica de Agricultura, near São João de Petropolis, Município Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil", , , 2 spms: KU 92729-30 (92730 skeleton) [1].
  45. Brasil: Vertentes (07°54'S, 35°59'W) — "Highway 90 PE at bridge over Tacuaritinga river, 3 km E Vertentes, Pernambuco, Brazil", J. Pefaur & A. Cardoso, 1990-02-23, 40-50 spms [27].
  46. Brasil: Vila Amazônia (02°37'S, 56°44'W) — "Vila Amazônia (alt. 27 m), Município de Parintins, Amazonas, Brasil", Jailton Aguiar Arrabal, 1972-09/11 ?, 1 spm: EI 5311 (holotype, m, 40 mm; destroyed by fungus) [28, 1, 29].
  47. Brasil: Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade (15°00'S, 59°57'W) — "bei Mattogrosso im Moraste Pirizal, Brasilien", Johann Natterer, 1826 - 29, 4 spms: 3 adult males, 1 female [30].
  48. Brasil: Vitória (20°19'S, 40°21'W) — "Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil", , , 2 spms: ZU-FRJ 9871-2 [31].
  49. Brasil: Vitória / 32 km N (20°03'S (20°19'S), 40°21'W) — "20 mi. (km?) N Vitoria, Município de Serra, on property of Atlantic Veneer do Brazil, Espirito Santo, Brazil", P. Weygoldt, 1973-02, 1 spm: MCZ 88279 [1, 5, 32].
  50. Colombia: Astillero (08°07'40''N, 72°35'10''W) — "Astillero, Norte de Santander, Colombia", , , 1 spm: USNM 147122 [1, 15] — "Astillero, Norte de Santander, Colombia", , , 6 spms: MLS 270, 805-9 [15].
  51. Colombia: Cúcuta (07°53'00''N, 72°30'19''W) — "Río Zulia, north of Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia", , , 1 spm [6].
  52. Colombia: Leticia (04°12'55''S, 69°56'26''W) — "Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia", , , 1 spm: MLS 810 [15] — "Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia", , , 3 spms: FMNH 134717-18, 134996 [1] — "Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia", , , 1 spms: UMMZ 152284 (skeleton) [1, 7] — "Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia", commercial import by R.B. Socoloff, , 1 spm: WTN 2561 (88 mm) [33, 15] — "Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia", , , 1 spm: AMNH 109359 [1].
  53. Colombia: Río Zulia (08°20'N, 72°30'W) — "Río Zulia, Norte de Santander, Colombia", , , 1 spm: ANSP 25754 [1].
  54. Colombia: Wacará (01°08'N, 69°53'W) — "Wacará, Vaupés, Colombia", , , 9 spms: UTA 4515, 6403, 8523-25, 8234-37 [1].
  55. Colombia: Yapima (01°03'N, 69°28'W) — "Yapima, Vaupés, Colombia", , , 1 spm: UTA 6404 [1].
  56. Ecuador: Estación Científica Yasuní (00°40'32''S, 76°24'19''W) — "Estación Científica Yasuní, Ecuador", , , [34].
  57. Ecuador: Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini (00°37'05''S, 76°10'19''W) — "Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Orellana, Ecuador", D.F. Cisneros-Heredia, 1998 - 2001, [35].
  58. Ecuador: Río Bobonaza (02°36'S, 76°38'W) — "Río Bufeo, Trib. of (Río) Bajo Bobonaza, Pastaza, Ecuador", , , 1 spm: USNM 196883 [1].
  59. Ecuador: Santa Cecilia (00°05'06''N, 76°59'33''W) — "Santa Cecilia, Napo, Ecuador", , , 9 spms: KU 104441, 122202-03, 175443-47; UMMZ 168409 (skeleton) [1] — "Santa Cecilia, Napo, Ecuador", , , 1 spm: UMMZ 168408 (skeleton) [1, 7].
  60. Ecuador: Shiripuno River (01°05'S, 77°03'W) — "Shiripuno River, Ñoneno area (alt. ca. 300 m), Provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador", J.-M. Touzet, 1997-08-30, 1 spm: FHGO-USFQ 1650 [36].
  61. Ecuador: vía Pompeya-Iro, km 38 — "vía Pompeya-Iro, km 38 (distancia desde Pompeya), Parque Nacional Yasuní, Ecuador", , , [34].
  62. Guyana — "British Guiana", , , 1 spm: USNM 57571 [15].
  63. Guyana: Kartabu Point (06°23'N, 58°41'W) — "Kartabu, Mazaruni-Potaro, Guyana", , , 4 spms: FMNH 14836 (young); CM 3791a-c [1] — "Kartabo [Kartabu Point], British Guyana", W. Beebe et al., 1924-07-28, 14 spms: MCZ 13539 (skeleton); CAS-SU144470; AMNH 25192, 52829-31, 51175 (skeleton), 51176-77, 117718-22 (young) [6, 1, 5, 10] — "Kartabu, Mazaruni-Potaro, Guyana", , , 2 spms: AMNH 70830, 25191 [1].
  64. Guyana: Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, BT1 (05°09'16''N, 58°42'00''W) — "drift fences with bucket traps site 1 [Riverine floodplain forest on alluvial soils connecting with Maiko creek], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37].
  65. Guyana: Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, BT4 (05°09'27''N, 58°41'51''W) — "drift fences with bucket traps site 4 [Riverine floodplain forest on alluvial soils connecting with Maiko creek], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37].
  66. Guyana: Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, P1 (05°09'12''N, 58°41'52''W) — "primary forest site 1 [Mixed forest on gravelly clay laterite (Leptosols) hill slope, low lying segment touching Maiko creek], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37] — "primary forest site 1 [Mixed forest on gravelly clay laterite (Leptosols) hill slope, low lying segment touching Maiko creek], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37].
  67. Guyana: Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, P2 (05°09'15''N, 58°41'48''W) — "primary forest site 2 [Mixed forest on gravelly clay laterite (Leptosols) hill slope, low lying segment touching Maiko creek], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37].
  68. Guyana: Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, P7 (05°09'27''N, 58°41'54''W) — "primary forest site 7 [Riverine floodplain forest on alluvial soils connecting with Maiko creek, transcending in well-drained mixed forest on brown sand (ferralic Arenosols) hill slope], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37] — "primary forest site 7 [Riverine floodplain forest on alluvial soils connecting with Maiko creek, transcending in well-drained mixed forest on brown sand (ferralic Arenosols) hill slope], Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Guyana", Ernst et al., 2002-11 - 2004-09, [37].
  69. Guyana: Marudi, riv. (02°07'N, 59°01'W) — "Marudi, headwaters of the Rupununi, Guyana", Snedigar (Terry-Holden expedition), , 1 spm: AMNH 53492 [6, 1].
  70. Guyana: Moco-Moco (03°20'N, 59°40'W) — "Moco-Moco, 12 mi E of Lethem at foot of Kanuku Mts., Rupununi, Guyana", G. Gorman, 1964-06-08 - 10, 9 spms: MCZ 50718-26 [1, 5].
  71. Guyana: Mt. Kanaima (05°19'00''N, 59°22'00''W) — "Top of Mt. Kanaima (left bank of Rio Potaro at mouth of Kaieuteur Gorge), E face of Pakaraina Plateau, Guyana (in sunken leaf litter, fast mnt stream)", J.D. Wordley, 1959-10-04, 2 spms: CAS-SU 144471-72 [1, 10].
  72. Guyana: Onoro Fall (01°37'N, 58°38'W) — "Onora, falls on the upper Essequibo, Guyana", Snedigar (Terry-Holden expedition), , 2 spms: AMNH 53493-94 [6, 1].
  73. Guyana: Rockstone (05°59'N, 58°33'W) — "Rockstone, Essequibo River, Mazaruni-Potaro, Guyana", , , 1 spm: UMMZ 80493 [1].
  74. Guyana: Rupununi, riv. — "Head of Rupununi River, Guyana", Snedigar, , 23 spms: AMNH 53495-500, 116913-16, 118137-49 [6, 1].
  75. Guyana: Sandhills (06°27'N, 58°19'W) — "Sandhills, Demerara River, Demerara, Guyana", , , 1 spm: UMMZ 80494 [1].
  76. Guyana: Tumatumari (05°22'N, 59°00'W) — "Tumatumari, Mazaruni-Potaro, Guyana", , , 1 spm: UMMZ 43966 [1].
  77. Guyana: Wismar (05°58'01''N, 58°36'W) — "Wismar, Guyana", D. C. Blakely, 1938-02-26, 3 spms: YPM HERA.001354, HERA.001352, HERA.001353 [23].
  78. Guyane Française — "Guyane", , , 1 spm: MNHNP 8193 [38].
  79. Guyane Française: Antécume Pata (03°17'N, 54°04'W) — "stagnant pond close to the river in Amerindian insular village of Antecume Pata, in the high Maroni, French Guiana", P. Gaucher, , [39] — "stagnant pond close to the river in Amerindian insular village of Antecume Pata, in the high Maroni, French Guiana", Beier & Massemin, 2009-09-23 - 26, 21 spms: 18 adults + 3 juveniles [40] — "fluvial habitats of the high Maroni near the villages of Papaïchton and Antecume Pata, French Guiana", P. Gaucher, , [39].
  80. Guyane Française: Cayenne (04°56'N, 52°20'W) — "Cayenne, Guyane Française", , , 2 spms: MNHNP 506, 1883 [38].
  81. Guyane Française: Cayenne, beach near — "beach near Cayenne, French Guyana", Eric Hansen, 2005, 1 spm: observed alive after heavy rains [39].
  82. Guyane Française: Emponou Tabiki (03°31'N, 54°00'W) — "muddy pond at Emponou Tabiki, French Guiana", Beier & Massemin, 2009-09-27, abundant [40].
  83. Guyane Française: Kaw (04°29'N, 52°02'W) — "Kaw, Guyane Française", , , 1 spm: LG 97 [38].
  84. Guyane Française: Kourou, Grandes Savanes de (05°12'N, 52°46'W) — "flooded savannas in the Kourou region, French Guiana", , , [39].
  85. Guyane Française: La Mana, Fleuve (05°44'N, 53°54'W) — "La Mana, Guyane Française", , , 1 spm: MNHNP 5051 [38].
  86. Guyane Française: Macouria (05°01'N, 52°29'W) — "tidal rivers with high gradients in the coastal region of Macouria, French Guiana", , , [39].
  87. Guyane Française: Mana (05°40'N, 53°47'W) — "Mana, Guyane Française", , , 1 spm: LG 63 [38].
  88. Guyane Française: Mitaraka, mts. (02°16'N, 54°31'W) — "little pool with very stagnant and black water in the middle of a riverside boulder on inselberg called Mitaraka in the very south of French Guiana, at the junction of Brasil, Suriname and French Guiana", P. Gaucher, , 1 spm [39].
  89. Guyane Française: Montagnes de la Trinité (04°36'N, 53°24'W) — "Monts Trinité, Guyane française", Jean Lescure, Philippe Cerdan, 1990-11-19, 4 spms [41] — "small rivers in the frimary forest of the Trinity Massif, French Guiana", , , [39].
  90. Guyane Française: Papaïchton (03°48'N, 54°10'W) — "fluvial habitats of the high Maroni near the villages of Papaïchton and Antecume Pata, French Guiana", P. Gaucher, , [39].
  91. Guyane Française: Rémire (04°53'N, 52°17'W) — "Rémire, Guyane Française", , , 2 spms: LG 1034, 1456 [38].
  92. Guyane Française: Reserve Naturelle de la Trinité (04°36'58''N, 53°24'33''W) — "Reserve Naturelle de la Trinité, Montagnes de la Trinité, Roche Bénitier, 460 m, French Guinana", David Massemin, 1999-06, 19 spms: KU 289222-24, 289390-92 + 13 observed spms. [42].
  93. Guyane Française: Rochambeau, airp. (04°49'N, 52°22'W) — "small permanent pond in Lac Maran area adjacent to Rochambeau Airport near Cayenne, French Guiana", D. Bordage & D. Massemin, 2003-06-27 - 07-27, 12 spms collected and kept in aquarium, more observed sympatric with P. pipa, in pond of 50 m², <1.5 m dept, 29°C water temp. at night, pH<5, no aquatic plants [39] — "small permanent pond in Lac Maran area adjacent to Rochambeau Airport near Cayenne, French Guiana", D. Bordage & D. Massemin, 2003-06-27 - 07-27, sympatric with P. snethlageae, in pond of 50 m², <1.5 m dept, 29°C water temp. at night, pH<5, no aquatic plants [39].
  94. Guyane Française: Saint-Eugène (04°51'N, 53°04'W) — "petite crique se jetant dans la Courcibo, Guyane Française", Jean Lescure, Philippe Cerdan, 1994-05-10, 1 spm [41, 43] — "dans un piège à pot, même secteur [petite crique se jetant dans la Courcibo], Guyane Française", Jean-Christophe de Massary, 1997-05, 1 spm [41, 43].
  95. Guyane Française: Saint Georges, near (03°53'N, 51°50'W) — "near St. Georges, Guyane Française", , , [43].
  96. Guyane Française: Saint-Laurent-Apatou road (05°20'50''N, 54°06'20''W) — "small pools in forest near Saint Laurent-Apatou-road", David Massemin, 2009-03 -, [44].
  97. Guyane Française: Saül (03°37'N, 53°12'W) — "disturbed areas around the village of Saül, French Guiana", D. Bordage, , [39].
  98. Guyane Française: Zidok (02°15'N, 52°52'W) — "Village-Zidok, Haut-Oyapock, Guyane Française", , , 1 spm: LG 1189 [38].
  99. Panama: Río Canglón (08°20'00''N, 77°46'00''W) — "small pond in second-growth forest, 1? miles upriver from the mouth of the Rio Canclon, near the Rio Chucunaque, Darien Province, Panama", Harold Heatwole & Giordano San Antonio, 1962-01-06, 31 spms: young [45].
  100. Panama: Río Ucurgantí (08°27'00''N, 77°48'00''W) — "lowland forest swamp, 7 km above the mouth of the Río Ucurgantí, Provincia Darién, Panama, 30 m", C.W. Myers & Tomás Quintero, 1965-11-21 - 25, 4 spms: KU 113665 (holotype, adult female, 44.2 mm), KU 113662-64 (113663 skeleton) [46].
  101. Peru: Cocha Cashu (11°38'S, 71°22'W) — "Cocha Cashu, Madre de Dios region, southern Peru", , 2001 - 2007, [47].
  102. Peru: Cuzco Amazónico (12°17'30''S, 69°W) — "Cuzco Amazónico, Madre de Dios region, southern Peru", , 2001 - 2007, [47].
  103. Peru: Departamento Madre de Dios — "Madre de Dios, Peru", , , 1 spm: AMNH 102458 [1].
  104. Peru: Estirón (03°22'06''S, 72°00'28''W) — "Estirón, Río Ampiacu, Loreto, Peru", B. Malkin, 1961-11-01, 5 spms: CAS-SU 93306-10 [1, 10] — "Río Ampiyacu, Estirón, Loreto, Peru", B. Malkin, 1966-05-15 - 05-22, 2 spms: MCZ 85572-73 (skeletons) [1, 5] — "Río Ampiyacu, Estirón, Loreto, Peru", B. Malkin, 1966-05-15 - 05-22, 1 spms: MCZ 85571 (skeleton) [1, 7, 5] — "Río Ampiyacu, Estirón, Loreto, Peru", , , 2 spms: AMNH 115785-86 [1].
  105. Peru: Explorer's Inn (12°37'20'''S, 69°15'W) — "Explorer's Inn, Madre de Dios region, southern Peru", , 2001 - 2007, [47].
  106. Peru: Iquitos (03°44'53''S, 73°14'50''W) — "Iquitos, Loreto, Peru", , , 8 spms: TCWC 38152-54, 39227-28, 42504-05, 42507 [1] — "Iquitos, Loreto, Peru", P. Soini, 1973-06-02, 1 spm: MCZ 91279 [1, 5] — "Iquitos, Loreto, Peru", Harvey Bassler, , 1 spm: AMNH 42559 [6, 1].
  107. Peru: Los Amigos (12°34'S, 70°06'W) — "Los Amigos Research Center (alt. 270 m), Manu province, Madre de Dios region, southern Peru", , 2001 - 2007, [47].
  108. Peru: Moropón — "Moropón, Loreto, Peru", , , 1 spm: TCWC 41750 [1].
  109. Peru: Orellana (06°54'S, 75°10'W) — "Río Ucayali, Orellana, Peru", , , 1 spm: USNM 127937 [1].
  110. Peru: Pebas (03°20'S, 71°49'W) — "Pevas, Oriente, Peru", W.M. Scherer, 1940 - 41, 1 spm: CAS-SU 8405 [1, 10] — "Pebas, Loreto, Peru", , , 1 spm: ANSP 2278 [1].
  111. Peru: Puerto Maldonado / 15 km E (12°36'S, 69°03'30''W (69°11'W)) — "15 km E of Puerto Maldonado, Cusco Amazonico, Madre de Dios, Peru", , , 1 spm: KU 205801 [48].
  112. Peru: Requena (05°03'S, 73°50'W) — "Monte Carmelo (near Isla Cedro), Requena, Peru", Harvey Bassler, , 1 spm: AMNH 43201 [6, 1].
  113. Peru: Río Calleria (08°02'30''S, 74°38'31''W) — "Colonia Calleria, Río Calleria, 15 km from Ucayali, Peru", B. Malkin, 1961-09-10 - 10-15, 3 spms: CAS-SU 93184-86 [1, 10].
  114. Peru: Río Itaya (03°45'57''S, 73°13'54''W) — "Río Itaya, Loreto, Peru", Harvey Bassler, , 2 spms: AMNH 42863, 43261 [6, 1].
  115. Peru: Río Loretoyacu (03°49'S, 70°26'W) — "Yagua Indian Village, headwaters of Río Loretoyacu (100+ km NW Leticia), Peru", , , 1 spm: AMNH 96402 [1].
  116. Peru: Río Momón (03°41'26''S, 73°15'56''W) — "Amazon trib., Río Mamon, Trib. of Río Nanay, Peru", , , 1 spm: FMNH 199968 [1].
  117. Peru: Río Tamayo (09°S, 74°W) — "Sobral, Río Tamayo, Peru", Harvey Bassler, , 1 spm: AMNH 43368 [6, 1].
  118. Peru: Río Ucayali / upper — "upper Ucayali River, Peru", , , 1 spm: AMNH 55165 [1].
  119. Peru: Río Utoquinia (08°13'02''S, 74°31'51''W) — "middle Río Utoquinia, Peru", Harvey Bassler, , 1 spm: AMNH 42885 [6, 1].
  120. Peru: Tambopata Center (12°55'15''S, 69°35'W) — "Tambopata Center, Madre de Dios region, southern Peru", , 2001 - 2007, [47].
  121. Suriname — "Surinam", IG 9422, , 1 spm: RBINS 445091 (SC 64C) [49] — "Surinam", IG 9422, , 1 spm: ancien N° de Reg. 389 du Musée de Bruxelles, RBINS 445092 (SC 64D) [49] — "Surinam", IG 9422, , 1 spm: RBINS 445090 (SC 64B) [49].
  122. Suriname: Albina (05°30'00''N, 54°03'00''W) — "Albina, Unterlauf des Maroni, Surinam", , , 1 spm: ZSM 19/1923 (holotype, m, 40 mm, destroyed) [9, 1].
  123. Suriname: Kabalebo area (03°50'N, 57°35'W) — "Kabalebo area, km 212 on road to Amotopo, 120 m, Nickerie, Surinam", , , 1 spm: RMNH 3293 [1].
  124. Suriname: Mazaroni Top (04°56'00''N, 55°13'00''W) — "Browns Berg Nature Park (near Mazaroni Top), Brokopondo District, 430 m, Surinam", Charles J. Cole, , 1 spm: AMNH 107864 (neotype, f, 45 mm) [1, 42].
  125. Suriname: Midden Coppename (04°12'54.1''N, 56°34'53.8''W) — "Creek above falls in Midden Coppename, Suriname", 2004-03-02 - 03, , 2 spms: water 29 µS, pH 5.5, DO 4.9 mg/L [50].
  126. Suriname: Paramaribo (05°50'N, 55°10'W) — "Paramaribo, Surinam", , , 61 spms + 5 larvae: AMNH 15004, 116150 (young); UMMZ 59024, 97201, 143399 (5 larvae); FMNH 128777; USNM 85029, 85031-32, 85035, 85038, 85040-41, 86645-49, 86651-53, 89247-50, 89252-53, 89255, 89257-68, 89979, 89982-84, 89987-88, 90889-91, 94395-402 [1] — "Vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam", B. Malkin, 1962-09, 24 spms: CAS-SU 93860-83 [1, 10] — "Paramaribo, Surinam", J. Wyman, , 3 spms: MCZ 1244 (2 ?) [1, 5] — "Paramaribo, Charlesburgh, Surinam", , , 1 spm: CM 44283 [1] — "Paramaribo, Surinam", IG 21084, 1957-08, 2 spms: RBINS 441436 (SC 3431) [49].
  127. Suriname: Parameileo — "Parameileo, Surinam", , , 2 spms: UMMZ 55733 -34 [1].
  128. Trinidad and Tobago: Cedros (Adm.) (10°06'N, 61°48'W) — "Cedros, area on either side of the Southern Main Road between miles 65 and 72, just outside the village of Bonasse, Trinidad", Kenny et al., 1955 - 61, 1963 - 65, [51].
  129. Trinidad and Tobago: Mayaro (Adm.) — "Mayaro, Trinidad", Kenny et al., 1955 - 61, 1963 - 65, [51].
  130. Trinidad and Tobago: Nariva Swamp (10°25'N, 61°04'W) — "Nariva Swamp, near the village of Plum Mitan, Trinidad", Kenny et al., 1955 - 61, 1963 - 65, [51].
  131. Trinidad and Tobago: Plaisance (10°17'N, 61°00'W) — "Plaisance-Mayaro, Trinidad", , , 2 spms: FMNH 49601-2; loc. of 49602 given as Plaisance Myoro in Trueb & Cannatella (1986) [52, 1].
  132. Trinidad and Tobago: Río Claro (10°18'N, 61°11'W) — "Río Claro, Trinidad", Kenny et al., 1955 - 61, 1963 - 65, [51].
  133. Trinidad and Tobago: Southern Main Road at Bridge 1/71 — "small stream that crosses the Southern Main Road at Bridge 1/71", , , [52].
  134. Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad (Isl.) — "Trinidad", R.R. Mole, 1916-05-17, 1 spm: MCZ 6027 [5].
  135. Venezuela: Caparo Forest Reserve (07°33'N (07°26'N - 07°40'N), 70°53'30''W (70°45'W - 71°02'W)) — "'Pozo Los Curitos', Waldreserve von Caparo, Barinas, Venezuela", , , [53].
  136. Venezuela: Capihuara (02°38'N, 66°19'W) — "Capihuara, Casiquiare, Amazonas, Venezuela", , , [54].
  137. Venezuela: Caripito (10°07'04''N, 63°06'07''W) — "Caripito, Monagas, Venezuela", , , 1 spm: AMNH 70254 [1].
  138. Venezuela: Dami Tulé / Highway to (10°43'N, 71°43'W) — "small pond (5x6 m, 1.5 m deep, alt. 15 m), along the highway to Dami Tulé, Zulia State, Venezuela", , , 5 spms: 3 males (mean SVL±SD = 44.13±2.15 mm), 2 females (44.0±2.0 mm); water 32.9°C, pH 9.37 [55].
  139. Venezuela: El Dorado-Santa Elena de Uairén road / km 112 (06°00'N, 61°23'W) — "El Dorado-Santa Elena de Uairén road, km 112, 860 m, Bolívar, Venezuela", , , 15 spms: KU 167436, 167437 (skeleton), 167438, 167439 (sectioned head and preserved body), 167440 (cleared-and-stained subadult), 167441-49 (subadults and juveniles), 167450 (cleared and stained juvenile) [1].
  140. Venezuela: El Mene / 15 km W (10°56'00''N, 70°40'30''W (70°33'00''W)) — "15 km west of El Mene, east of Lake Maracaibo, Falcon, Venezuela", L.P. Schultz, , 1 spms: USNM 115818; province given as Zulia in Trueb & Cannatella (1986) [6, 56, 1] — "15 km west of El Mene, east of Lake Maracaibo, Falcon, Venezuela", L.P. Schultz, , 2 spms: USNM 115819-20; province given as Zulia in Trueb & Cannatella (1986) [6, 56, 15, 1].
  141. Venezuela: El Vigia (08°37'19''N, 71°39'02''W) — "El Vígia, Merida, Venezuela", , , 69 spms [45] — "El Vígia, Merida, Venezuela", , , 1 spm: CPBA-V-24 [7].
  142. Venezuela: Encontrados (09°03'51''N, 72°13'55''W) — "Encontrados, west of Lake Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela", Hermano Nicéforo Maria, , [6].
  143. Venezuela: Guaquitas (07°28'N, 71°39'W) — "Guaquitas, al extremo occidental de Barinas, Venezuela", , 1975-01, 1 spm [57].
  144. Venezuela: Hacienda Santa Rosa (10°31'57''N, 70°27'08''W) — "Hacienda Santa Rosa, Falcón, Venezuela", , , [54].
  145. Venezuela: Isla Ratón (03°09'N, 65°44'W) — "Isla Ratón, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela", José V. Scorza, 1955, 1 spm [56].
  146. Venezuela: La Ceiba (09°28'26''N, 71°03'53''W) — "La Ceiba, 52 km WNW of Valera, 23 m, Trujillo, Venezuela", , , 1 spm: USNM 216872 [1].
  147. Venezuela: La Dificultad (09°19'59''N, 71°02'20''W) — "La Dificultad dto Sucre, Zulia (S of LMaracaibo), Venezuela", Racenis & Ramirez, 1963-05-01, 3 spms: MCZ 44812-14 [1, 5] — "La Dificultad, 50 m, Zulia, Venezuela", , , 4 spms: AMNH 71428-71429, 71430 (young), UMMZ 124536 [1].
  148. Venezuela: La Grita (08°08'17''N, 71°58'43''W) — "8 km from La Grita, Tachira, Venezuela", L. Duque & R. Ampueda, 1969-08-28, [58].
  149. Venezuela: Lagunillas (10°08'27''N, 71°15'41''W) — "Lagunillas (Campo del Lago), Zulia, Venezuela", , , 2 spms: USNM 115757-58 [56, 15].
  150. Venezuela: Matera Caño Grande (08°56'48''N, 72°01'40''W) — "Hacienda Caño Grande, entre San Carlos y Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela", , , [54].
  151. Venezuela: Paso de El Danto (05°58'N, 61°22'W) — "muddy roadsite ditches at Paso de El Danto, Kms 117-119 El Dorado-Santa Elena de Uairén road, 1000-1150 m, Bolívar, Venezuela", , 1974, [59].
  152. Venezuela: Quebrada Santa Rosa (riv.), 100 km SSE El Manteco (06°37'N (07°21'N), 62°09'W (62°32'W)) — "Quebrada Santa Rosa, 100 km SSE El Manteco, Bolívar, Venezuela", , , [54].
  153. Venezuela: Río San Juan (10°10'N, 72°10'W) — "Río San Juan, Zulia, Venezuela", L.P. Schultz, , 3 spms: USNM 115767-69; listed as Rosario spms. in Dunn (1948) [6, 56, 15, 1].
  154. Venezuela: Rosario / 20 km W (10°19'00''N, 72°29'00''W (72°19'00''W)) — "20 km. west of Rosario, Zulia, Venezuela", L.P. Schultz, , 47 spms + larvae: USNM 115770-816; 115817 (larvae); locality given as 2 km W Rosario in Cochran & Goin (1970) + Trueb & Cannatella (1986); listed as Rio San Juan spms. in Dunn (1948) [6, 56, 15, 1].
  155. Venezuela: Sabana de Mendoza (09°24'00''N, 70°46'00''W) — "covered drain in the village of Sabana de Mendoza, Trujillo, Venezuela", M.A. Carriker, Jr., 1922, 6 spms: MZUM 57443 (holotype, 39 mm, 1922-05-05), 57444-47 (paratypes, 57445 skeleton); MCZ 9012 (<- MZUM 57448, 1922-04-28) [60, 56, 1, 5].
  156. Venezuela: San Carlos de Zulia (09°00'15''N, 71°54'59''W) — "San Carlos de Zulia, Zulia, Venezuela", , , USNM 128845, 128846 (larvae) [15, 1].
  157. Venezuela: Serranía Supamo (rdge) (06°40'N, 62°25'W) — "Serranía del Supamo, Cerro Santa Rosa, Bolívar, Venezuela", , , [61].
  158. USA: Creek near road PR-9945, km 1.5 (18°16'32''N, 65°58'42''W) — "a creek near road PR-9945, km 1.5, Celada Ward, Gurabo, PR, USA", , 2007, NAS specimen ID 239097; released pet, collected; one observed [62].
  159. Venezuela: Ventuari fish farm (10°06'N, 68°08'W) — "Ventuari fish farm (alt. 520 m), 8 km S Valencia on the Valencia-Las Lomas Road, Carabobo State, Venezuela", , 1997-04-03, 59 spms: males mean SVL±SD = 36.77±0.86 mm, females 37.91±1.18 mm; water 28.0°C (mud 27.4°C), pH 10.54 [55].

References

  1. Trueb, Linda & David C. Cannatella (1986): Sytematics, morphology, and phylogeny of genus Pipa (Anura: Pipidae). - Herpetologica, 42(4): 412-449.
  2. Killeen, Timothy J. & Thomas S. Schulenberg (1998): A biological assessment of Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, Bolivia. - Killeen, T.J.:Schulenberg, T.S. (Ed.): , Conservation International, Washington, D.C., 10: 372 pp.
  3. Fenolio, Dante (2005): A Few Days in Bolivia's Crown Jewel....Madidi National Park. - http://www.greentracks.com/Madidi_Field_Notes.htm, .
  4. Feio, Renato Neves & Ulisses Caramaschi (1995): Aspectos zoogeográficos dos anfíbios do médio rio Jequitinhonha, nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. - Revista Ceres, 42(239): 53-61.
  5. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Amphibian Collection. - http://collections.oeb.harvard.edu/Herp/AmphSearch.htm.
  6. Dunn, Emmett Reid (1948): American frogs of the family Pipidae. - American Museum novitates, 1384: 1-13.
  7. Báez, Ana María & Jean-Claude Rage (1998): Pipid frogs from the Upper Cretaceous of In Beceten, Niger. - Palaeontology, 41(4): 669-691.
  8. Müller, Lorenz (1914): On a new Species of the Genus Pipa from Northern Brazil. - Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 14: 102.
  9. Müller, Lorenz (1924): Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Batrachier der Zoologischen Sammlung des bayerischen Staates. - Zoologischer Anzeiger, 58: 291-297 (291-294).
  10. California Academy of Sciences: Herpetology Collection Catalog. - http://www.calacademy.org/research/herpetology/catalog/.
  11. Carvalho, Antenor Leitão de (1939): Notas sôbre Hemipipa carvalhoi Mir.-Rib.. - Boletim biologico, 4(3): 394-414.
  12. Canedo, Clarissa, João P. Garcia, Ronaldo Fernandes & José P. Pombal jr. (2006): Diet of Pipa carvalhoi (Amphibia, Pipidae) is Not Influenced by Female Parental Care. - Herpetological Review, 37(1): 44-45.
  13. Vaz-Silva, Wilian & Tiago Almeida de Andrade (2009): Amphibia, Anura, Pipidae, Pipa pipa: Distribution extension, new state record and geographic distribution map. - Check List, 5(3): 507-509.
  14. Silvano, Débora Leite & Bruno V.S. Pimenta (2003): Diversidade e distribuição de anfíbios na Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia. - In: Prado P.I., Landau E.C., Moura R.T., Pinto L.P.S., Fonseca G.A.B., Alger K. (Ed.): Corredor de Biodiversidade na Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia, CD-ROM, Ilhéus, IESB/CI/CABS/UFMG/UNICAMP.
  15. Cochran, Doris Mable & Coleman Jett Goin (1970): Frogs of Colombia. - United States National Museum Bulletin, 288: 1-655 [Pipidae: 7-12, Pl. 1; Localities, References: 517-571].
  16. Barbour, Thomas (1923): A new Pipa. - Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club, IX: 3-5, Plates I-II.
  17. Buchacher, Christian Oswald (1993): Field studies on the small Surinam toad, Pipa arrabali, near Manaus, Brazil. - Amphibia-Reptilia, 14: 59-69.
  18. Gascon, Claude (1992): Spatial Distribution of Osteocephalus taurinus and Pipa arrabali in a Central Amazonian Forest. - Copeia, 1992(3): 894-897.
  19. Arzabe, Christina (1999): Reproductive activity patterns of anurans in two different altitudinal sites within the Brazilian Caatinga. - Revista brasileira de Zoologia, 16(3): 851-864.
  20. Sousa, Bruno Lopes de & Paulo Sérgio Bernarde (2007): Pipa arrabali. - Herpetological Review, 38(1): 98.
  21. Caramaschi, Ulisses (1989): Notes on the Type Specimens of Pipa carvalhoi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) (Anura, Pipidae). - Journal of Herpetology, 23(2): 192-193.
  22. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia: Amphibian Collection Database. - http://curupira.inpa.gov.br/bdados/anfibios/index.htm.
  23. Global Biodiversity Information Facility: GBIF Data Portal. - http://data.gbif.org/.
  24. Gascon, Claude & Ocírio de Sousa Pereira (1993): Preliminary checklist of the herpetofauna of the upper Rio Urucu, Amazonas, Brazil. - Revista brasileira de Zoologia, 10(1): 179-183.
  25. Myers, George Sprague & Antenor Leitão de Carvalho (1945): Notes on some new or little-known Brazilian amphibians, with an examination of the history of the Plata salamander, Ensatina platensis. - Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (Zoologia), 35: 1-24.
  26. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology Data Access. - http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/getmvzform?class=Amphibia&query=all.
  27. Péfaur, Jaime E. & Adao Jose Cardoso (1992): Pipa carvalhoi (NCN). Behavior. - Herpetological Review, 23: 58.
  28. Izecksohn, Eugenio (1976): Uma nova espécie de Pipa, do estado do Amazonas, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Pipidae). - Revista brasileira de Biologia, 36(2): 507-510.
  29. Peixoto, Oswaldo L. & Marcia dos R. Gomes (2007): Catalogue of anuran types in the Eugenio Izecksohn Herpetological Collection (Amphibia, Anura). - Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24(3): 721-728.
  30. Steindachner, Franz (1867): Amphibien. - Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wüllerstorf-Urbair, Aus der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, Zoologischer Theil: Bd 1: Wirbelthiere, Amphibien.
  31. Ferreira, Rodrigo Barbosa, Thiago Silva-Soares & Dennis Rödder (2010): Amphibians of Vitória, an urban area in south-eastern Brazil: first approximation. - Salamandra, 46(4): 187-196.
  32. Weygoldt, Peter (1976): Beobachtungen zur Biologie und Ethologie von Pipa (Hemipipa) carvalhoi Mir. RiB. 1937. (Anura, Pipidae). - Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 40: 80-99.
  33. Neill, Wilfred Trammell (1964): Notes on Pipa snethlageae Müller, and a range extension. - Herpetologica, 19(4): 275-276.
  34. Ron, Santiago R. (2001): Anfibios de Parque Nacional Yasuní, Amazonía ecuatoriana. - http://www.bio.utexas.edu/grad/ecuador/web/yasuni/esp/anfyas.htm, Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador, .
  35. Cisneros-Heredia, Diego Francisco (2006): La Herpetofauna de la Estacion de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Ecuador: Diversidad & Ecologia de los Anfibios & Reptiles de una Comunidad Taxonomicamente Diversa. - , Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 129 pp.
  36. Cisneros-Heredia, Diego Francisco (2006): Pipa pipa (Surinam Toad). - Herpetological Review, 37(3): 359.
  37. Ernst, Raffael, Mark-Oliver Rödel & Deokie Arjoon (2005): On the cutting edge - The anuran fauna of the Mabura Hill Forest Reserve, Central Guyana. - Salamandra, 41(4): 179-194.
  38. Lescure, Jean (1976): Contribution à l'étude des Amphibiens de Guyane française. VI. Liste préliminaire des Anoures. - Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3)377: 475-524 [475-477, 514-515, 518-524].
  39. Massemin, David, Dominique Bordage & Kriton Kunz (2007): Report on the occurrence of Pipa snethlageae (Anura: Pipidae) in French Guiana, with notes on its natural history. - Salamandra, 43(3): 139-147.
  40. personal observation
  41. Lescure, Jean, Philippe Cerdan, Jean-Christophe de Massary & Christian Marty (1998): Découverte d'un Amphibian très rare, Pipa aspera Müller (Anura: Pipidae), en Guyane française. - Revue française d'Aquariologie, 25(1-2): 45-46.
  42. Trueb, Linda & David Massemin (2001): The osteology and relationships of Pipa aspera (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae), with notes on its natural history in French Guiana. - Amphibia-Reptilia, 22: 33-54.
  43. Lescure, Jean & Christian Marty (2000): Atlas des Amphibiens de Guyane. - Patrimoines Naturels, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 45: 388 pp.
  44. Massemin, pers. comm.
  45. Heatwole, Harold (1963): The frog genus Pipa in Panama. - Copeia, 1963(2): 436-438.
  46. Trueb, Linda (1984): Description of a new species of Pipa (Anura: Pipidae) from Panama. - Herpetologica, 40(3): 225-234.
  47. May, Rudolf von, Karen Siu-Ting, Jennifer M. Jacobs, Margarita Medina-Müller, Giuseppe Gagliardi, Lily O. Rodríguez & Maureen A. Donnelly (2009): Species Diversity and Conservation Status of Amphibians in Madre de Dios, Southern Peru. - Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 4(1): 14-29.
  48. Evans, Ben J., Darcy B. Kelley, Richard C. Tinsley, Don J. Melnick & David C. Cannatella (2004): A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of African clawed frogs: phylogeography and implications for polyploid evolution. - Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 33(1): 197-213.
  49. Royal Belgian Institute of natural Sciences: The DaRWIN database. - http://www.naturalsciences.be/darwin/.
  50. Alonso, Leeanne E. & Haydi J. Berrenstein (2006): A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Coppename River Basin, Suriname. - Leeanne E. Alonso & Haydi J. Berrenstein (Ed.): , Conservation International, Washington, DC, 39.
  51. Kenny, Julian S. (1969): The Amphibia of Trinidad. - Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean islands, 29(108): 1-78.
  52. Murphy, John C. (1997): Amphibians and reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago. - , Krieger, Malabar, XIII, 245 pp., [Pipa pipa: 22, 94, 95, Pl. 52].
  53. Reinthaler, Hans-Peter & Miguel Ilija Fistar (2002): Biodiversität und Zoogeographie der Amphibien Fauna von Caparo, Venezuela. - Linzer biologische Beiträge, 34(2): 1267-1284.
  54. Barrio-Amorós, César Luis (1998): Systemática y Biogeografía de los anfibios (Amphibia) de Venezuela. - Acta Biológica Venezuelica, 18(2): 1-93.
  55. Measey, G. John & Ramiro Royero (2005): An examination of Pipa parva (Anura: Pipidae) from native and invasive populations in Venezuela. - Herpetological Journal, 15(4): 291-294.
  56. Ginés, Hermano (1958): Representantes de la familia Pipidae (Amphibia, Salientia) en Venezuela. - Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 18: 5-18.
  57. Péfaur, Jaime E. & Amelia Díaz de Pascual (1987): Distribución ecológica y variación temporal de los anfibios del estado Barinas, Venezuela. - Revista de Ecología Latinoamericana, 1(3-4): 9-19.
  58. Barrio, César Luis & Oswaldo Fuentes (2000): Pipa parva, Distribution. - Herpetological Review, 31(3): 183.
  59. Meinhardt, Daniel J. & Jeffrey R. Parmelee (1996): A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Venezuela. - Herpetologica, 52(1): 70-77.
  60. Ruthven, Alexander Grant & Helen (Beulah) Thompson Gaige (1923): Description of a new species of Pipa from Venezuela. - Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology - University of Michigan, Number 136 (February 10, 1923).
  61. Barrio-Amorós, César Luis, Oswaldo Fuentes & Gilson Rivas (2004): Two new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Venezuelan Guyana. - Salamandra, 40(3/4): 183-200.
  62. United States Geological Survey: Nonindigenous Aquatic Species information resource. - http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/SpSearch.asp.